Salinity Stress in Wheat: Effects, Mechanisms and Management Strategies

Salinity stress is a major threat to global food production and its intensity continuously increasing because of anthropogenic activities. Wheat staple source carbohydrates calories for the majority people across globe. However, wheat productivity adversely affected by salt stress, which associated with reduction in germination, growth, altered reproductive behavior enzymatic activity, disrupted photosynthesis, hormonal imbalance, oxidative yield reductions. Thus, better understanding (plant) salinity has essential implications devise counter alleviation measures cope stress. Different approaches including selection suitable cultivars, conventional breeding, molecular techniques can be used facing tolerance. these are tedious, costly, labor-intensive. Management practices still helpful improve performance under Use arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, exogenous application phytohormones, seed priming, nutrient management important tools In this paper, we discussed effect on crop, possible mechanisms deal options conditions.